Scientists create synthetic cell that can feed and reproduce from scratch

A team of scientists has developed the first synthetic cell that can feed, grow, and replicate, marking a major scientific breakthrough.

As reported by CNN International, the research team, led by University of Minnesota synthetic biologist Kate Adamala, assembled the cell entirely from scratch using non-living chemical components instead of modifying an existing living organism.

Called "SpudCell," named after the Russian satellite Sputnik during the 1950s space age, the synthetic organism is a basic prototype that most closely resembles a bacterium. According to Adamala, it contains between 150 and 200 molecules, less complex than natural cells that contain up to billions of molecules.

The artificial cell is capable of feeding, increasing in size, and producing daughter cells for approximately five generations. However, it remains dependent on researchers for nutrients and biological components needed to continue functioning.

It also requires about 12 hours to divide at 30 degrees Celsius, as opposed to the bacterium E. coli, which can reproduce in about half an hour.

Per the CNN report, the SpudCell reportedly lacks several structures found in living cells, such as a cytoskeleton, as well as the ability to produce its own ribosomes. Instead, proteins accumulating at the cell membrane trigger division, while ribosomes from E. coli are added during feeding.

On Wednesday, July 1, the team released the scientific paper of the work that is expected to be submitted to a scientific journal later this week.

"We’re hoping we’re really starting the true age of bioeconomy, enabling technology that will let people engineer biology," Adamala said of their research. 

Scientists have long modified existing living cells for research. Synthetic cells are believed to help scientists study the origins of life and develop new technologies in medicine, manufacturing, and environmental protection.